On June 16th, our recently work “A nanovaccine targeting cancer stem cells and bulk cancer cells for postoperative cancer immunotherapy” was published on Nature Nanotechnology (2025, doi: org/10.1038/s41565-025-01952-x). Our laboratory has focused on biomimetic nanovesicle-based drug delivery and immunotherapy. Here we propose a nanovaccine strategy, called NICER, based on a nanovesicle system integrating CSC-specific antigen display and epigenetic nano-regulator encapsulation with a dendritic-cell-targeting aptamer. Specifically, nanovesicles derived from aldehyde-dehydrogenase-overexpressing tumours could serve as integrated antigens carrying both CSC-specific antigen and tumour-associated antigens. Epigenetic nano-regulator targeting YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 could restrict dendritic cell lysosomal protease activity to modulate the effective cross-presentation of integrated antigens for immune responses. This research breakthroughs include resolving the critical bottlenecks in antigen delivery/presentation, concurrent eradication of CSCs and bulk tumours, and inhibition of recurrence and metastasis, ultimately providing a promising strategy for cancer-vaccine-mediated immunotherapy. Please find more details at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-01952-x.